Description: This is a brief report that summarizes recent changes in the prevalent medical loss ratio methodologies and also looks at some of the more recent experience of health insurers that filed medical loss ratio reports.

Description: This paper explores how change in societal forces can affect the systems for providing security including private pensions, social security, life insurance and health insurance. The societal forces examined are changes in family, role of women, inflation and the age composition of population. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: Relative to group medical plans, discusses: recognition given to effect on morbidity of various demographic factors, consideration given to inflation in making rate guarantees, consideration given to group size, and underwriting transfer cases.

Description: This discussion covers the loss experience under superimposed plans compared with comprehensive plans, controls over increasing costs and the use of Relative Value Schedules, and deductible amounts and coinsurance provisions.

Description: This discussion on major medical expense insurance examines the trends in the types of plans sold, popularity of the comprehensive type of medical expense insurance plan, special problems, and dependent coverage. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1959, Vol. 11, No. 29 AB.

Description: WeChat is gradually becoming the main force of insurance online marketing for insurance products in China.

Description: In this paper the authors analyze data from group medical expense insurance claims and show that many insurance loss distributions have very 'heavy tails' because large losses represent a disproportionate fraction of the total cost. They also present a simple model to reproduce and explain the large loss behavior. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1990, VOL. 2

Description: With the increase of membership in Blue Cross / Blue Shield, this paper presents the practices and experience under the plans using the United Medical Service, Inc as a model. Transactions of SOA Vol. 6, No. 14

Description: This paper provides an outline of the pricing methodology used by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Virginia which incorporates trend analysis by trend component. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: This paper examines the financial dynamics resulting from the currency exchange rate for medical insurance products that are denominated in a currency different from that in which covered medical expenses are incurred. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1995, Vol. 47.